Rhino Poaching 2017-2023

Information & discussion on the Rhino Poaching Pandemic
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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Under Siege – Part 3: Where does the blood money trail end?
Intelligence sources maintain that the money trail of the loot collected by crime syndicate bosses in the Sabié/Moamba districts in Mozambique should be followed to ascertain who is really behind the state of lawlessness in the area.
19 hours ago

MBOMBELA – “The authorities should find out where the money goes,” Lowvelder was told. “What we have here is a virtual self-funding insurgency, and the aim seems to be to eradicate government control in an area, exacerbate historical local political tensions between Frelimo/Renamo and take control over the local population.”

There seems to be a third force at work to undermine the community support for both traditional political parties. But, other than the old days where there always was a state actor financing and supporting such surrogate insurgency groups, things have changed. Today fundamentalist groups uncontrolled by state actors are wreaking havoc in theatres of war in the Middle East, and lately North Africa and East Africa.

“These new-era third forces fund themselves through crime,” said the sources. “And rhino horn and heroin are the most profitable businesses on earth today. The Chinese and Vietnamese demand for horn is usually blamed, but no one is asking: ‘Where is the profit going. What is it being used for?’”

Lowvelder was also told that fear of the syndicate leaders is prevalent in the community bordering the conservation areas. The Chef de Post of Sabié Town has admitted openly that he has no control over the current situation in his jurisdiction.


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

Post by Lisbeth »

The situations seems to be even worse than suspected. Not yet like in the Congo The Bloody Toll of Congo's Elephant Wars but getting close.
“The authorities should find out where the money goes,”
A bit late. It should be one of the first things to control.

The incredible thing is that the authorities know who and where they are, but obviously nobody can be trusted to do something serious about it :evil:


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Yes! At least there is a newish government and Dr Carlos is well-respected. But Africa is Africa. :-(


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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and it will take many generations before things will eventually change :-(


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Very good summation in Daily Maverick:


On the trail of Asia’s shifting rhino-horn market
By Karl Ammann• 11 May 2018
A wide range of horns are imported from various parts of the globe and many are worked into ‘rhino-horn’ products.

As long as consumers want rhino horn, South Africa will lose its rhinos to the slow, agonising blows of the poacher’s hacksaw. In this extensive investigation, undercover Swiss filmmaker Karl Ammann finds that black market sentiments have shifted from health to wealth — and that this might be exacting a demand that is bigger than the 1,000-plus rhino poached in South Africa each year.

A groundswell of economists and conservationists have written reports dealing with the demand-and-supply characteristics of the trade in rhino horn. Although the picture of supply, and how this chain works, seems clear, the demand side is a lot less certain, as well as how the end-consumer drives it.

My research with South African filmmaker Phil Hattingh for The Hanoi Connection, our feature-length 2018 documentary on the driving forces behind the rhino massacre, kicked off about six years ago by scouting for products in traditional Chinese/ Vietnamese medicine shops in Vietnam. To secure the acceptance we needed, we established ourselves as customers over several trips to Hanoi, the capital, by buying samples of powdered rhino horn or small pieces of horn cut from bigger chunks.

When a chopped piece flew into the street while a dealer was sawing so-called rhino horn with heavy equipment on her shop pavement, it became clear that customers were probably being deceived by all kinds of bogus products purporting to be rhino material. After all, the real-deal product would not be treated so carelessly — nor sold to us at the price we paid for the flying fragment.

Outside Hanoi, we filmed a production facility for fake horns and faux hunting trophies, which included adapted water-buffalo horns. Then we documented thousands of fake horns for sale at a specialised market for wildlife artefacts in Guangzhou, China.

Approaching several wildlife-oriented genetics laboratories in 2014 with samples from these initial trips turned into something of a challenge: most agreed to analyse them for us — but they were concerned about publishing the data without the necessary import and export permits.

The year before, the parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) had decided in Bangkok that seized samples of rhino horn or horn products should be handed directly to designated laboratories. It had become clear that there was little, if any, secure storage for rhino horn in supply-and-consumer destinations. This seemed especially true for Vietnamese officials, who seemed to think that they had good reason to keep the exchange of samples for enforcement purposes to a minimum. In one incident, the officials supposedly tried transporting samples to South Africa. These were then “stolen” en route.

The central issue with our approach to laboratories, of course, was that we as filmmakers and investigators were not party to CITES. As such, trying to source export and import documents, and filling them in accurately, would have been a complete waste of time — we could not even positively identify the products until the DNA results were in.

Testing fake tiger bones for our 2016 documentary The Tiger Mafia helped place things in some perspective: a Swiss-based university lab got a legal opinion stating that it was not infringing on any law if it was doing analysis to determine a particular species; or, indeed, if any such samples turned out to be from CITES-listed species.

We were aware that we faced another challenge here: showing our hand too early through releasing our samples to laboratories, or the corresponding results, might have jeopardised future investigations.

For this stage of our demand-side investigations, the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of Pretoria would prevail as a testing solution. Set up and developed by Dr Cindy Harper and her team as a tool to aid enforcement, the laboratory’s Rhino DNA Indexing System (RhODIS) has a mission enshrined in the South African Biodiversity Act. First used in a rhino-poaching case in 2010, RhODIS analyses samples of as many dead and live rhinos as possible. DNA is continually collected from southern and East African range states, and tested. The system’s database today includes DNA profiles of more than 20,000 rhinos.

Our samples were delivered to the lab by various parties travelling to South Africa. If any CITES permitting issues were to arise, we could legitimately argue that we were not sure what exactly we had acquired.
A wide range of horns are imported from various
parts of the globe and many are worked into ‘rhino-horn’ products.

A wide range of horns are imported from various
parts of the globe and many are worked into ‘rhino-horn’ products.

As it turned out, the RhODIS test results showed that roughly 90% of the fragment and powder samples from traditional Chinese medicine stores did not even remotely involve rhino horn. Instead, what we had was Saiga antelope (a critically endangered antelope remaining in southeast Europe and central Asia), kudu, sheep and a whole lot of water-buffalo horn.

Next, we targeted jewellery and artefact stores in China, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam’s upmarket tourist areas — these flogged a staggering range of wildlife products — and discovered that most of the real rhino horns marketed in these demand countries now seemed to end up as luxury items.

Dealers would tell us that buyers blowing the equivalent of hundreds of thousands of US dollars for raw horn would often bring their own experts to check the quality of the product. Trying to cheat buyers at that level would certainly be a risky business.

Some stores also sold medicinal shavings — byproducts automatically created when grinding real rhino horn into top-end offerings such as bangles, libation cubps and signature seals.

Based on our personal observations and interviews, buyers in these mostly Chinese-owned stores were pretty much 100% Chinese visitors — given these outlets’ geographic location in countries neighbouring China.

Many would acquire a slew of pieces for their friends and relatives back home, offering these products via Chinese messaging app WeChat (their WhatsApp equivalent), an informal system fast-tracked by free instore wi-fi connections: in some cases caught on our hidden cameras.
Chinese social-media applications, such as WeChat, are used to send and receive instructions instore.

Our assessment was that trading in fake fragments of a few grams each was particularly alluring to swindlers — by attracting a less powerful, less affluent and less knowledgeable clientele.

Traders of authentic rhino-horn products also seemed to create ever more downmarket products to get this less discriminating segment to come on board.

For raw horn, recent reports indicate a dramatic drop in the price per kilo across the whole of Southeast Asia. Dealers were, in 2017, largely quoting $20,000-$28,000 per kilo, compared with a price of $60,000 per kilo some four years earlier. There has been no explicit answer for this trend, but some dealers indicated that either speculators might have dropped out of the scene, or additional supply entered the market.

However, at the retail level, prices have not really changed; manufactured products are generally quoted at about $80-$160 per gram for a ring, karma bracelet, medallion, comb, drinking cup and so on.

Compared with ivory at $2-$4 per gram, the asking price for rhino-horn shavings from the workshop floor is $10-$20 per gram — some eight times less than the per-gram price for finished luxury horn items.

Clearly, the traditional Chinese medicine component is no longer the dominant market force: the shavings and powder have become mere byproducts, leading us to the conclusion that the demand for rhino horn has moved from “health” to flaunting wealth.
These decorative pieces can be bought via Chinese social media applications.

Status — in particular, the social prominence associated with expensive, verboten goods — now drives the demand, while fakes continue to be sold even at this level in parts of Southeast Asia.

The same smoke and mirrors seem true for lion-bone exports from South Africa to Laos. These bones do not stay in Laos. Filming local dealers, our hidden cameras documented that they were instead trafficked into China and Vietnam. Here they are sold as tiger bones, resulting in a litany of CITES infractions along the way.

While our medicinal samples came from traditional Chinese medicine stores selling fake products, our samples from luxury jewellery and artefact stores have proved quite the opposite: 90% of the samples from these sources have turned out to be the real thing.

Collected over the past three years, these samples have yielded some 40 real, individual rhino DNA profiles. Mostly, RhODIS technicians found white rhino DNA, but also some black.

The most intriguing finding revealed that 90% of samples did not even match any of the RhODIS database profiles for poached rhinos.
A sample from the RhoDIS Database based at Onderstepoort Veterinary Lab in Pretoria.

This raised some interesting new questions: where did these other supplies originate?

South Africa has a control system that registers all live rhino in private hands and potentially highlights any missing individuals. Indications are that this system is far from watertight and unscrupulous owners can find ways of selling horn “out the back door”, without fear of repercussions. Local private rhino owners told us that they regularly received calls from potential customers asking to buy horn. There have been no cases of private rhino owners prosecuted for “missing” rhinos, or horns “missing” from rhinos living on their properties.

Since there is only a scattering of local consumers in South Africa, is the present move to legalise the domestic trade simply a way of formalising a thriving home market whose products already end up being traded globally — as our sampling seems to indicate — currently in contravention of CITES rules?

In 2016, a Zambian government store was broken into. Diverse horns were stolen, turning this source into another potential supply line not covered by the RhODIS database. So far most range-country governments, such as the Zambian administration, have not asked for their stocks to be included. If any organisation could legitimately pressurise them into doing so, it would have to be the CITES Secretariat, headquartered in Geneva.
Using special evidence bags and containers to label sample products, as stipulated by Interpol.

Murdered conservation investigator Esmond Bradley Martin had published a report in 1992 in Pachyderm magazine stating that the Chinese government had at the time held close to 10 tons of rhino horn in stock. One pharmaceutical company alone had some four tons in its possession.

Clearly, none of it is in the RhODIS database. Will the CITES Secretariat ask to verify these stocks?

Might this supply have entered the market when the price for raw horn hit some $60,000 per kilo a few years ago?

In huge areas such as Kruger National Park, some rhinos might be poached but never found.

Plus, there have been rumours of samples from rhinos poached in the park sometimes taking three years to reach the lab in Pretoria. Were we bringing back end-product specimens from Southeast Asia, while the evidence bags from the poaching scene were still in some store at the park headquarters?

There are also indications that the lab seems to be sitting on a considerable backlog of samples requiring analysis.

All these unaccounted sources indicate that the demand and supply might be much bigger than the recorded 1,000-1,200 rhinos officially poached in southern Africa each year, and that there might be other sources of supply.

During the 17th CITES Conference of the Parties in Johannesburg, in September 2016, we discussed with several country representatives the value of our research, as well as the restrictions and potential impact on enforcement.

One of the key South African enforcement authorities decided that a formula should be found to get rhino-horn samples back to the lab in Pretoria under controlled conditions: we would be given Interpol contacts in Southeast Asia to whom we could hand the samples and who would get them to Pretoria. Although we were still concerned about being challenged on circumventing CITES during this, our latest collection trip, at least we knew the Interpol deal was meant to create a more clear-cut scenario for the labs doing the work.

Travelling to Southeast Asia with Phil Hattingh as the cameraman, we followed the stipulated collection procedure — using special evidence bags and containers — and established the chain of custody by also photographing shop exteriors.

The sales transactions were filmed with a hidden camera.

By the time of our departure back to South Africa, Interpol had still not given us any contacts to whom we could give the samples.

On that particular trip, I then travelled back with some of the samples via Zurich.

At the airport security check, I was pulled aside. Various items of my carry-on luggage were swabbed to check for drug traces.

Of course, there was no problem. Rhino horn is neither cocaine nor heroin.

However, I have little doubt that similar tests could be developed for not only rhino horn, but also ivory and tiger bones and other high-profile wildlife products.

South African and Chinese authorities could do regular tests of hand baggage on flights arriving from supply countries at demand destinations. Kenya deploys sniffer dogs walking on the baggage carousel, but I have never seen that happen anywhere in Southeast Asia.

I have also travelled, crossing over half-a-dozen borders, with very well-manufactured, fake rhino horns for use in presentations, fully aware that they would show up on X-ray machine displays. In fact, I looked forward to being challenged. I even had the invoice proving the origins of the fake

Not on a single occasion — at Zurich, Nairobi, New York or Johannesburg — did anybody ask me to take out those horns.

I hope some of this evidence, also earmarked for upcoming publication by DNA experts in a peer-reviewed journal, might help economists and conservationists reassess their position on the overall demand-and-supply characteristics of rhino horn.

However, will the enforcement authorities of demand as well as supply countries, many with serious governance and corruption problems, be interested in using any of the relevant results in the context of planning enforcement measures? Or would they rather not know?

If some countries are exposed for having bigger compliance problems than what might have been imagined, would the CITES Secretariat / Standing Committee finally recommend these parties for the suspension from all commercial and non-commercial trade — a key enforcement tool hardly ever used by the CITES decision-makers?

Since the CITES trade ban of rhino horn in 1976, it is estimated that more than 100,000 rhino have been lost to poaching. The domestic trade ban by China in 1993 has not made a difference either. Maybe it is time for the CITES policymakers to dig deeper into their enforcement toolbox.

South African Environmental Minister Edna Molewa announced, at Bangkok in 2013, that the country would now look into legalising the trade in rhino horn … based on “having tried everything else”. DM


https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article ... vaVL5q-nIU
Karl Ammann


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Molewa 'cautiously optimistic' about fight against rhino poaching
2018-05-16 21:42

Jan Gerber

Minister of Environmental Affairs Edna Molewa remains "cautiously optimistic that we are turning the tide on the scourge of rhino poaching".

"The number of rhino poached last year was down to 1 028 from 1 054 the previous year," she said while delivering her budget vote speech on Wednesday.

"We attribute this decline to the multifaceted interventions that we are deploying. I would like to extend our sincerest appreciation to the many rangers that patrol our parks and look after our natural heritage for current and future generations."

She said these efforts would be further supported through the new programme with a budget of US$4.86m (about R60m) that has been approved by the Global Environment Facility.

"In addition, we have recently successfully translocated six black rhinos to the republic of Chad as part of our range expansion strategy. This translocation was achieved through a collaboration between the Department of Environmental Affairs, the government of Chad, SANParks and the African Parks Foundation."

She told the media at a briefing before the budget vote debate that these rhino were doing well in their new setting.

https://www.news24.com/Green/News/molew ... g-20180516


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Anti-poaching war trilogy – Part 1: Slaughter could explode
The Kruger National Park (KNP) faces a rhino massacre if one of the world’s crack anti-poaching units, Dyck Advisory Group (DAG), carries out its threat to withdraw from Mozambique.
20 hours ago

De Wet Potgieter


Image

MBOMBELA – “If DAG evacuates from Mozambique, the flood gates will open for poachers to invade the Kruger and create mayhem in the game park,” Col Lionel Dyck warned yesterday.

A furious Dyck told Lowvelder that he is no longer prepared to risk the lives of his young game rangers while the authorities in Mozambique and South Africa sit back with folded arms.

“I think the South African Government should engage at the highest possible level with Maputo in this matter, otherwise the rhino herds of Kruger will be decimated in the near future.”

Dyck’s strong reaction comes in the wake of an incident on Wednesday morning when the tracks of a suspected gang of poachers were picked up by KNP game rangers on the eastern side of the park leading towards the Mozambican border.

The blow-by-blow details of the hot pursuit, as it panned out in a series of WhatsApp conversations from both sides of the border, were provided to Lowvelder.

The suspects were confronted in Mozambique, 14 kilometres from the border. Two policemen “half-heartedly” confronted the men and searched their white Land Rover Discovery (with South African number plates) while a member of DAG videotaped them from a distance.

A senior member of DAG on the scene, Henk, reported on WhatsApp, “Search shows evidence of either collusion or intimidation. This vehicle was not searched properly”.

It was a rainy morning and the Land Rover’s tracks from the South African side were clearly visible.

According to Henk, the Land Rover was driven by a known syndicate leader and loaned to a known “level-two” handler of poachers. It turned out that the owner and driver of the vehicle and his younger brother are members of a key crime syndicate operating from Mozambique and in South Africa. Their identities are known to Lowvelder.

Their younger brother studied at the Southern African Wildlife College and their uncle is a well-known figure in the syndicate who operates and stays in the Hectorspruit area, close to Crocodile Bridge.

In the WhatsApp conversation the section ranger at Tshokwane messaged Dyck, that it must be disheartening for his teams seeing people getting away like this.

Shortly afterwards it was reported that the Land Rover was seen at a well-known syndicate leader, M……’s, house in the area.

Don English, regional ranger base at Marula in KNP, responded by saying: “Well done Henk and team!! The three guys caught on Saturday were also sent by M…….!”.

“This incredibly useless and corrupt practice make everything my young men do a mockery,” Dyck responded. “I would see this cowardly act of not arresting a poaching hopefully being dealt with today.”

Dyck told Lowvelder there are 11 cases of attempted murder on his men pending, but nothing has been done by the police.

One incident happened 15 metres from a police station.

In other cases his rangers and personnel working in the Sabie Game Park were kidnapped and held at ransom by local thugs working for syndicate leaders in the enclave on the eastern border of KNP and the Greater Lebombo Conservancy.

https://lowvelder.co.za/432827/anti-poa ... r-explode/
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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Anti-poaching war trilogy – Part 2: Young anti-poaching warriors’ lives at risk
Col Lionel Dyck is fed up fearing for the lives of his young anti-poaching rangers. They go up against poacher gangs funded by influential syndicate leaders, holed up in an enclave on the eastern border of the KNP.
19 hours ago
Image

MBOMBELA – “I have got the best men in the world working for me in keeping the rhinos safe, but without the Mozambican and South African governments’ support in this rhino war, I do not want to be part of it any longer,” Dyck told Lowvelder. “There are lots of other countries worldwide wanting the expertise of my outfit.”

Sandy McDonald, second-generation owner of the Sabie Game Park on the Mozambican side of the Greater Lebombo Conservancy, and Dyck have been pleading with the authorities to take action against the powerful syndicate bosses ruling the communities of Babtine, Curroman and the notorious so-called “poachers’ haven” in the small town of Moamba.

Wednesday morning’s incident was the final straw for Dyck. He came to a crossroad and now wants out – for the sake of his game rangers’ lives. It is the plight of his men, getting caught in the crossfire between the hostile local communities, ruled by mob bosses on the one side, and the well-armed poachers endangering the future of the rhinos on the other side, that he no longer wants to bear.

Despite the 11 charges of attempted murder registered with the Mozambican police, nothing has been done to date to arrest the culprits.

Two months ago DAG rangers chased poachers when one of them turned around and fired shots at them. The poachers were positively identified, but the authorities did not take any action to apprehend them.

In October 2016 two South African rangers found themselves in a life-and-death situation when a murderous crowd, among them a lot of poachers, started throwing rocks and taking out pangas.

A suspected poacher was arrested south of Corruman Dam and the two rangers joined up with a Mozambican ranger and an armed government official to escort the suspect to the police station when they were attacked, severely beaten and one of them hit over the head with a panga and stabbed in the neck. An off-duty policeman armed with an AK-47 rifle saved the ranger.

In March staff members of Sabie Game Park were abducted by a violent mob of community members and their vehicle seized as ransom. The local police were also intimidated and threatened with physical harm when they tried to intervene.

The mob claimed that a vehicle confiscated during an anti-poaching operation by DAG was damaged when it was returned to its owner. During the incident last year, the occupants of the vehicle fired upon the DAG patrol and one of them was subsequently arrested. The mob then insisted that a bribe of MT 100 000 should be paid for the release of the park employees held hostage.


https://lowvelder.co.za/432915/anti-poa ... ives-risk/


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

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Anti-poaching war trilogy – Part 3: Poaching kingpins on our doorstep
According to intelligence sources, the investigating authorities should rather turn their attention away from the buyers of rhino horn in Hong Kong and Vietnam and focus on the mob bosses coining the bulk of the loot being sold to the end users in the contraband chain.
20 hours ago




MBOMBELA – “One should look at the magnitude of the money involved to realise that poaching operations in an area like the KNP and the Greater Lebombo Conservancy are well organised and pre-funded by the syndicate bosses nestled and protected by the communities of Babtine, Curroman and Sabie Town,” one of the sources told Lowvelder.

“Look no further than the enclave from where the crime syndicates strategically plan and execute the poaching operations into the KNP.”

The official figures released by the South African department of environmental affairs (DEA) indicated that a total of 529 rhinos were killed in the KNP last year.

Calculated modestly at four kilograms per rhino, with a selling price of R621 000 (US$50 000) per kilogram on the black market, a total of R1,3 billion landed in the pockets of the crime bosses.

It adds up to an average monthly income of R109 million per month, from which only the cost of bribes to officials, payments to informers and the actual costs of the poachers, transport and equipment are deductible expenses.

https://lowvelder.co.za/432916/anti-poa ... -doorstep/


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Re: Rhino Poaching 2017/2018

Post by Flutterby »

but without the Mozambican and South African governments’ support in this rhino war, I do not want to be part of it any longer
That about sums it up! Our government simply doesn't care! :evil: :evil:


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