Insect or Invertebrates Identification - DONE

[Toko]

Spoon- and Ribbon-wings Nemopterinae sp.
Family: Nemopteridae
Subfamily: Nemopterinae

Nemopteridae are a charismatic family of lacewings characterized by uniquely extended hind wings. They are an ancient widespread group in the drier regions of the world. The family comprises two subfamilies:

1. Crocinae (thread-wings)
2. Nemopterinae (spoon- and ribbon-wings).


Oct. 2013 KTC in Kgalagadi TP

In southern Africa 72 species of Nemopteridae occur, which is 48 %, or nearly half, of the world’s species. The vast majority of these, 57 species (38% of the world fauna) are endemic to the Western and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Excluding the subfamily Crocinae (thread-wings), the southern African Nemopterinae (spoon- and ribbon-wings) comprise 57% (62 species), more than half, of the global fauna, with 47% of the world’s taxa (51 species) being endemic to the Western and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa.


Nov. 2013 KTC in Kgalagadi TP

The Cape nemopterines are consequently a unique and rich biological heritage that requires special research and conservation attention. While the subfamily Crocinae is comparatively well known, knowledge of the taxonomy, biology, phylogeny, local biogeography and conservation status of the Nemopterinae remains inadequate. Though the conservation of Crocinae is reasonably assured owing to their arid and rocky habitats, unsuited to agriculture, the Nemopterinae are extremely vulnerable, as many of the habitats of the rare Cape endemics have already been destroyed by agricultural and urban expansion, with the remainder being severely threatened.

The spoon- and ribbon-wing lacewings represent yet another category of the rich heritage of global fauna with which South Africa has been blessed. She, in tandem with the world community, as their custodians owe protective stewardship and conservation to ensure its survival for all future generations.

Links: Phylogeny and biogeography of southern African spoon-winged lacewings (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae)

Nemopteridae Laurhervasia setacea Klug, 1836 Laurhervasia setacea Klug, 1836 "Croce lawi Navás, 1913 |Croce lightfooti Péringuey, 1910 |Croce setacea (Klug, [1838]) |Nematoptera setacea (Klug, [1838]) |Nemoptera setacea Klug, [1838] |Thysanocroce setacea (Klug, [1838])
" Klug, J. C. F. 1836. Versuch einer systematischen Feststellung der Insekten-Familie: Panorpatae und Auseinandersetzung ihrer Gattungen und Arten. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1836: 81-108. LDL 3408. Namibia Northern Cape, Western Cape

Nemopteridae Thysanocroce damarae McLachlan, 1898 Thysanocroce damarae McLachlan, 1898 "Croce damarae McLachlan, 1898 |Laurhervasia damarae (McLachlan, 1898) |Laurhervasia kriegi Navás, 1936 |Nina damarae (McLachlan, 1898)
" McLachlan, R. 1898. Descriptions de deux espèces nouvelles de Némoptères du genre Croce McLach. [Névr.]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1898:169-171. LDL 0388. Angola, Namibia Northern Cape.

Nemopteridae Tjederia namaquensis Mansell, 1977 Tjederia namaquensis Mansell, 1977 Mansell, M.W. 1977. A new genus and species in the Crocinae (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 40: 195-203. LDL 4002. Namibia Western Cape.
Nemopteridae Barbibucca biremis Kolbe, 1900 Barbibucca biremis Kolbe, 1900 "Nemoptera biremis Kolbe, 1900 |Nemopterella biremis (Kolbe, 1900)
" Kolbe, H.J. 1900. Die Arten der eigenthümlichen Neuropterengattung Nemoptera. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschende Freunde zu Berlin 1900:10-18. LDL 3436. Northern Cape, Western Cape

Nemopteridae Barbibucca elegans Tjeder, 1967 Barbibucca elegans Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Derhynchia vansoni Tjeder, 1967 Derhynchia vansoni Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Botswana, Namibia Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemia angulata Westwood, 1836 Nemia angulata Westwood, 1836 "Nematoptera angulata (Westwood, 1836) |Nemoptera angulata Westwood, 1836
" Westwood, J.O. 1836. (Nemoptera costalis and N. angulata Westwood and N. africana Leach). In: Exhibitions, Memoirs etc. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1. lxxv. LDL 0428. Namibia Western Cape, Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemia elongata Tjeder, 1967 Nemia elongata Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemia karrooa Péringuey, 1911 Nemia karrooa Péringuey, 1911 "Nemoptera karrooa Péringuey, 1911 |Nemopterella karrooa (Péringuey, 1911)
" Péringuey, L. 1911. Descriptions of four new species of South African Hemerobiidae (Order Neuroptera). Annals of the South African Museum 10: 31-37. LDL 5122. Northern Cape, Western Cape

Nemopteridae Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967 Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape Province

Nemopteridae Nemopterella aequabilis Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella aequabilis Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella africana Leach, 1815 Nemopterella africana Leach, 1815 "Eretmoptera africana (Leach, 1815) |Halter africanus (Leach, 1815) |Nematoptera africana (Leach, 1815) |Nematoptera bacillaris (Klug, [1838]) |Nematoptera latipennis Burmeister, 1839 |Nemeva africana (Leach, 1815) |Nemoptera africana (Leach, 1815) |Nemoptera bacillaris Klug, [1838] |Nemoptera latipennis (Burmeister, 1839) |Nemopteryx africana Leach, 1815
" Leach, W.E. 1815. Zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals. Vol. 2. London. LDL 3658. Northern Cape, Western Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella apicalis Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella apicalis Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella bitis Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella bitis Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella dyscrita Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella dyscrita Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella longicornis Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella longicornis Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella munroi Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella munroi Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella olivacea Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella olivacea Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella papio Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella papio Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella parva Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella parva Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Nemopterella pruinosa Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella pruinosa Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape.

Nemopteridae Nemopterella sabuleti Tjeder, 1967 Nemopterella sabuleti Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Palmipenna dilatans Tjeder, 1967 Palmipenna dilatans Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape.

Nemopteridae Palmipenna palmulata Tjeder, 1967 Palmipenna palmulata Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Northern Cape.

Nemopteridae Palmipenna pilicornis Tjeder, 1967 Palmipenna pilicornis Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Namibia. Western Cape, Northern Cape

Nemopteridae Semirhynchia brincki Tjeder, 1967 Semirhynchia brincki Tjeder, 1967 Tjeder, B. 1967.Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. Pp. 290-501 in South African Animal Life, B. Hanström, P. Brinck and G. Rudebec, eds. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. LDL 6050. Botswana, Namibia. Northern Cape Province


Lots of them, but I think I found it:

Comment: This species inhabits the dry areas of southern Africa and seems to be a Kalahari endemic. common in the Kalahari Gemsbok Park

[ExFmem]

EXCELLENT work, Toko Thank you!

Will update as soon as I get to it - this afternoon, hopefully. Also, will enter the silky lacewing as Silveira sp., possibly jordani, as I can't find a pic of rufus or marshalli (Definitely NOT occultus) - okay?

...and the solifuge as family Daesiidae (?)

[Toko]

OK



Not urgent, ExFmem, whenever you feel like it, some IDs take some time


for our special insect promoter!

And perhaps check Tina's antlion and compare to your one with the blueish abdomen I really don't know if they are similar or the same

[ExFmem]

Re:" and it's not C. punctissima and not C. trivirgata (check museum!)"
Wonder why they don't have a listing for C. infima ?? It certainly "looks" the same,( but whenever I go by "looks", I'm often incorrectamundo

Here's an I'll register with them and send my pics for ID

Having trouble w/ TinyPics tonight so will proceed later.

[Toko]

Good idea, I hope they are quick

[ExFmem]

Okay, I entered the 3 IDs you found above, entered Family Daesiidae for my prev. solifuge, and also entered the one from this year...It MAY be the same as the one I entered from Nossob a year or so ago, but it "looks different" to me

Please correct as you see fit.

If I get any answers from the Virtual Museum guy, I'll correct as nec.

Oh, as for this "And perhaps check Tina's antlion and compare to your one with the blueish abdomen I really don't know if they are similar or the same", I think the wing markings on Tina's are different than mine

[Toko]

Index updated

Great read, your latest entry, ExFmem

[ExFmem]

Oxypiloidea is identifiable by upright teeth on prothorax, a small pair close together in front and a larger pair separated behind.






KTP

Oxypiloidea tridens or subcornuta?

There seems to be confusion (at least to me right now) over the head structure.



#107/108 = O. subcornuta (smaller head projection, like mine)
#109/110 = O.tridens (VERY prominent)

In the following pics of O. tridens the head structure is very prominent, just as in the drawings above -

http://saphotographs.blogspot.com/2012/ ... idens.html

http://southafricaninsects.wordpress.co ... ousel-5623

BUT in this pic O. tridens shows a smaller projection, more like mine - (misidentified???)

http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/man ... nopodidae/

Opinions welcome!

What shall "we" do with this one? Go with the majority who depict O. tridens as having a prominent head structure, thereby eliminating it, or just play it safe and go with O. sp. probably subcornuta?

It appears I'm not important enough for Picker to answer my email requesting clarification of the pic in his book I really have no idea why he's never heard of me

[ExFmem]

KTP

Family Myrmeleontidae
Genus Creoleon ????? If so, which ones are found in the Northern Cape, if any??

[Toko]

Myrmelon has usually unmarked wings and it looks very very similar to the photo in the field guide

These are the NC Creolon

Myrmeleontidae Creoleon africanus Rambur, 1842 Creoleon africanus Rambur, 1842 "Creagris africana (Rambur, 1842) |Creagris litterata Navás, [1908] |Creagris pseudoplumbea Péringuey, 1910 |Creoleon litteratus (Navás, [1908]) |Creoleon pseudoplumbeus (Péringuey, 1910) |Cueta africana (Rambur, 1842) |Myrmeleon africanus Rambur, 1842
" Rambur, M.P. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Névroptères. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. Fain et Thunot, Paris. 1-534. LDL 5314. Algeria, Canary Islands, Chad, Dahomey, DRC, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Moroccco, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Creoleon diana Kolbe, 1898 Creoleon diana Kolbe, 1898 "Creagris diana Kolbe, 1897 |Creagris inclita Péringuey, 1910|Gama inclitus (Péringuey, 1910) |Pseudoformicaleo inclitus (Péringuey, 1910)
" Kolbe, H. J. 1898. Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Wirbellose Thiere 4. Netzflügler. In: Mobius, K. (Ed.) Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Wissenschaftliche Forschungsresultate über Land und Leute Ostafrikanischen Schutzgebietes und der Angrenzenden Länder. 1-42. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin. LDL 3434 Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Creoleon mortifer Walker, 1853 Creoleon mortifer Walker, 1853 "Creagris infirma Navás, 1912 |Creagris mortifera (Walker, 1853) |Creagris nigrostrigata McLachlan, [1867] |Creagris pervigil (Walker, 1853) |Creagris plagata Navás, 1912 |Creoleon infirmus (Navás, 1912) |Creoleon nigrostrigatus (McLachlan, [1867]) |Creoleon pervigil (Walker, 1853) |Creoleon plagatus (Navás, 1912) |Gama mortifer (Walker, 1853) |Myrmeleon mortifer Walker, 1853 |Myrmeleon pervigil Walker, 1853
" Walker, F. 1853. List [or Catalogue] of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II [=pp. 193-476].--(Sialides--Nemopterides). British Museum [Natural History], London. LDL 6194. Botswana, Comores Islands, DRC, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Seychelles, Socotra Island, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Creoleon nubifer Kolbe, 1898 Creoleon nubifer Kolbe, 1898 "Creagris junodi Esben-Petersen, 1916 |Creagris nubifera Kolbe, 1897 |Creagris proxima Péringuey, 1910 |Creoleon junodi (Esben-Petersen, 1916) |Creoleon proximus (Péringuey, 1910) |Gama nubifer (Kolbe, 1897)
" Angola, Cameroon, DRC, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12


Here the NC Myrmelons

Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon alcestris Banks, 1911 Myrmeleon alcestris Banks, 1911 "Bordus temeratus Navás, 1936 |Myrmeleon alcestris Banks, 1911 |Myrmeleon sciopterus Navas, 1914
" Banks, N. 1911. Notes on African Myrmeleonidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 4: 1-31. LDL 52. Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon doralice Banks, 1911 Myrmeleon doralice Banks, 1911 "Morter doralice (Banks, 1911) |Myrmeleodes medius Navás, 1912 |Myrmeleon doralice Banks, 1911 |Myrmeleon praetor Navas, 1914
" Banks, N. 1911. Notes on African Myrmeleonidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 4: 1-31. LDL 52. Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon lanceolatus Rambur, 1842 Myrmeleon lanceolatus Rambur, 1842 "Creagris lanceolata (Rambur, 1842) |Creoleon lanceolatus (Rambur, 1842) |Myrmeleon lanceolatus Rambur, 1842 |Myrmeleon leporinus Hagen, 1866
" Rambur, M.P. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Névroptères. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. Fain et Thunot, Paris. 1-534. LDL 5314. Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12

Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon obscurus Rambur, 1842 Myrmeleon obscurus Rambur, 1842 "Balaga obscura (Navás, 1912) |Baliga obscura Navás, 1912 |Hornius obscurus (Navás, 1912) |Nehornius obscurus (Navás, 1912)
" Rambur, M.P. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Névroptères. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. Fain et Thunot, Paris. 1-534. LDL 5314. Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, DRC, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape M. Mansell P. Franzini 26. Jul 12